Delhi prepares for 6 days of pollution (Credits: iStock) The danger is not limited to people who already have asthma or other respiratory conditions. Pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), dust, smoke and ozone can irritate the airways and trigger inflammation, sometimes causing symptoms within minutes to hours of exposure. Dr. Sunil Naagar, Senior Consultant and Head, Paediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Accord Super Speciality Hospital, Faridabad, explains that short-term exposure can have noticeable effects. “Even short-term exposure to poor air quality can trigger respiratory symptoms, worsen existing lung conditions, and sometimes may lead to breathing difficulties,” he says. Read More: Nearly 1 In 2 Breast Cancer Patients In India Are Under 50: Are Women Missing The Warning Signs? When polluted air enters the respiratory tract, it can irritate the airways and trigger an inflammatory response. This may lead to persistent coughing, increased mucus production, wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. People may notice these symptoms even while performing routine activities. According to Dr. Naagar, “Even people without a previous respiratory diagnosis can develop symptoms.” However, experiencing symptoms after pollution exposure does not necessarily mean that permanent lung damage has occurred. Dr. Sumant Mantri, Senior Consultant, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Apollo Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, highlights the importance of understanding the risks associated with consecutive days of poor air quality. “When the Air Quality Index remains in the poor category for several consecutive days, exposure to particulate matter, especially PM2.5, can irritate the airways and trigger inflammation,” he explains. He adds that this exposure may cause “coughing, throat irritation, wheezing, chest tightness and breathlessness, even in people who do not have a previously diagnosed respiratory illness.” People with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic airway disease and other pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly susceptible to pollution-related flare-ups. Children, older adults, pregnant women and people with heart conditions also need to exercise caution. Dr. Mantri points out that the health impact depends on several factors, including pollutant concentration, exposure duration, physical activity and underlying health conditions. “During exercise, we breathe more rapidly and deeply, allowing pollutants to penetrate further into the respiratory tract,” he says. This is why outdoor running, strenuous workouts and prolonged walks near busy roads may be best avoided when pollution levels are high. Both experts recommend reducing exposure rather than waiting for symptoms to appear. Check the local AQI before stepping outdoors and avoid strenuous outdoor activity when pollution levels are elevated. Keep windows closed when outdoor air is polluted and indoor air is cleaner. A properly sized HEPA air purifier can also help reduce indoor particulate matter. If outdoor travel is unavoidable, a well-fitted N95 respirator can help reduce exposure to fine particles. People with asthma or COPD should continue prescribed medication and follow their existing treatment plans. Dr. Naagar advises seeking medical evaluation if “coughing, wheezing, or breathlessness persists or worsens.” He also stresses that severe breathlessness, difficulty speaking in full sentences, blue or grey lips, confusion or severe chest pain require emergency medical attention. Dr. Mantri similarly cautions that persistent breathlessness, worsening wheezing or chest pain warrants prompt medical assessment. As Delhi prepares for several days of poor air quality, paying attention to early symptoms and limiting exposure can help reduce respiratory risks. Pollution-related discomfort should not be dismissed as just another seasonal cough, especially when breathing difficulties persist or worsen. Read More: AI Is Creating Never-Before-Seen Viruses: Could They Save Lives Or Trigger A Health Crisis? Simran covers books that start conversations, beauty insights, fashion moods, and stories that make people feel something. Off duty? You’ll find her c... View More